The Role of Interferons in Long Covid Infection.

Although the new generation of vaccines and anti-COVID-19 treatment regimens facilitated the management of acute COVID-19 infections, concerns about post-COVID-19 syndrome or Long Covid are rising. This issue can increase the incidence and morbidity of diseases such as diabetes, and cardiovascular, and lung infections, especially among patients suffering from neurodegenerative disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and ischemia. There are numerous risk factors that cause COVID-19 patients to experience post-COVID-19 syndrome. Three potential causes attributed to this disorder include immune dysregulation, viral persistence, and autoimmunity. Interferons (IFNs) are crucial in all aspects of post-COVID-19 syndrome etiology. In this review, we discuss the critical and double-edged role of IFNs in post-COVID-19 syndrome and how innovative biomedical approaches that target IFNs can reduce the occurrence of Long Covid infection.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A double-edged sword throughout rapid evolution of COVID-19.

After more than 2 years of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, several questions have remained unanswered that affected our daily lives. Although substantial vaccine development could resist this challenge, emerging new variants in different countries could be considered as potent concerns regarding the adverse effects of reinfection or postvaccination. Precisely, these concerns address some significant and probable outcomes in vaccinated or reinfected models, followed by some virus challenges, such as antibody-dependent enhancement and cytokine storm. Therefore, the importance of evaluating the effectiveness of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) elicited by vaccination and the rise of new variants must be addressed.